| Era | Utopian | Dystopian | Utilitarian | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-Columbian | ||||
| Eduardo Galeano | ||||
| Colonial | ||||
| B. Franklin | William Cronon | |||
| Revolutionary | ||||
| Brooke Hindle | ||||
| early Industrial | ||||
| post-Civil War | ||||
| early 20th c. | ||||
| 1918-1939 | ||||
| WW II-1960 | ||||
| since 1960 | ||||
| Nicholas Negroponte | "unabomber manifesto" | |||