Lathes

Blanchard lathe

The first application (1819) was the turning of gunstocks at the Springfield Armory, but the technology was quickly applied to mass production of other irregular forms: shoe lasts, hat blocks, tool handles.
Since a lastmaker could make at least three times more lasts a day with a machine than by hand, it wasn't long before handmade lasts were rare in New England. (Cooper in McGaw 1994:319)

And here's a signal source: 

 AUTHOR       Cooper, Carolyn.
 TITLE        Shaping invention : Thomas Blanchard's machinery and patent
                management in nineteenth-century America / Carolyn C. Cooper.
 PUBLISHER    New York : Columbia University Press, 1991.
 SUBJECT      Woodworking machinery -- United States -- Patents -- 
                History -- 19th century.
              Inventors -- United States -- Biography.
              Blanchard, Thomas, 1788-1864.
 1 > Leyburn Library        TS850 .C476 1991