FN	ISI Export Format
VR	1.0
PT	J
AU	Wilson, ME
TI	The traveller and emerging infections: sentinel, courier, transmitter
SO	JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
DT	Article
AB	The movement of populations shapes the patterns and distribution of infectious diseases globally. The consequences of travel are seen in the traveller and in places and populations visited and may persist long after travel. The traveller can be seen as an interactive biological unit who picks up, processes, carries and drops off microbial genetic material. A traveller can introduce potential pathogens in the absence of signs or symptoms of illness. Travellers can serve as a sentinel population; study of them can provide insights into the presence and level of risk of transmission of infections in other geographical regions. Travellers can also be seen as couriers who inadvertently ferry pathogens and microbial genetic material to regions where researchers can carry out detailed analyses that can help to map the location and movement of strains, genotypes and resistance patterns. The laboratory plays a key role in the identification and characterization of pathogens, which can inform management of individual patients and the public health response.The connectedness and mobility in the world today facilitate the emergence of infectious diseases in humans and also in animals and plants. Many traditional barriers have been breached by travel, roads and technology. Population size and density favour spread of many infections. The rapid generation time of microbes and their capacity to adapt to changes in the physico-chemical and immunological environment will pose continuing challenges.
PY	2003
VL	94
SU	Suppl. S
BP	1S
EP	11S
PG	11
UT	ISI:000182566000002
ER
PT	J
AU	Lounibos, LP
TI	Invasions by insect vectors of human disease
SO	ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY
DT	Review
AB	Nonindigenous vectors that arrive, establish, and spread in new areas have fomented throughout recorded history epidemics of human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and plague. Although some vagile vectors. Such as of black flies. biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new habitats adults by flight or wind, human-aided transport is responsible for the arrival and spread of most invasive vectors, such as anthropophilic fleas, lice, kissing bugs, and mosquitoes. From the fifteenth century to the present. successive waves of invasion of the vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, the Culex pipiens Complex, and, most recently, Aedes albopictus have been facilitated by worldwide ship transport. Aircraft have been comparatively unimportant for the transport of mosquito invaders. Mosquito species that occupy transportable container habitats, such as water-holding automobile tires, have been especially successful as recent invaders, Propagule pressure, previous success, and adaptations to human habits appear to favor successful invasions by vectors.
PY	2002
VL	47
BP	233
EP	266
PG	34
UT	ISI:000173421900009
ER
PT	J
AU	Reiter, P
TI	Aedes albopictus and the world trade in used tires, 1988-1995: The shape of things to come?
SO	JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION
DT	Article
AB	In the decade since used tires were identified as the mode of introduction of Aedes albopictus to the United States, similar infestations have been reported from 10 other countries in the Americas and 2 in Europe. Millions of used tires are still being traded throughout the world and although a few governments have implemented inspection procedures to prevent further introductions, these are unlikely to be effective. Further introductions of mosquitoes of potential public health significance are inevitable.
PY	1998
PD	MAR
VL	14
IS	1
BP	83
EP	94
PG	12
UT	ISI:000073690500013
ER
PT	J
AU	Moore, CG Mitchell, CJ
TI	Aedes albopictus in the United States: Ten-year presence and public health implications
SO	EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
DT	Article
AB	Since its discovery in Houston, Texas, in 1987, the Asian ''tiger mosquito'' Aedes albopictus has spread to 678 counties in 25 states. This species, which readily colonizes container habitats in the peridomestic environment, was probably introduced into the continental United States in shipments of scrap tires from northern Asia. The early pattern of dispersal followed the interstate highway system, which suggests further dispersal by human activities. The Public Health Service Act of 1988 requires shipments of used tires from countries with Ae. albopictus to be treated to prevent further importations. Given the extensive spread of the mosquito in the United States, it is questionable whether such a requirement is still justified. Ae. albopictus, a major biting pest throughout much of its range, is a competent laboratory vector of at least 22 arboviruses, including many viruses of public health importance. Cache Valley and eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses are the only human pathogens isolated from U.S. populations of Ae. albopictus. There is no evidence that this mosquito is the vector of human disease in the United States.
PY	1997
PD	JUL-SEP
VL	3
IS	3
BP	329
EP	334
PG	6
UT	ISI:A1997XR51700009
ER
PT	J
AU	GRIST, NR
TI	AEDES-ALBOPICTUS - THE TYRE-TRAVELING TIGER
SO	JOURNAL OF INFECTION
DT	Editorial Material
PY	1993
PD	JUL
VL	27
IS	1
BP	1
EP	4
PG	4
UT	ISI:A1993LP15100001
ER
PT	J
AU	RAI, KS
TI	AEDES-ALBOPICTUS IN THE AMERICA
SO	ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY
DT	Review
PY	1991
VL	36
BP	459
EP	484
PG	26
UT	ISI:A1991EQ80700020
ER
PT	J
AU	FRANCY, DB MOORE, CG ELIASON, DA
TI	PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF AEDES-ALBOPICTUS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO	JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION
DT	Article
PY	1990
PD	MAR
VL	6
IS	1
BP	127
EP	132
PG	6
UT	ISI:A1990CW57400021
ER
EF