Rayon and its environmental effects

29 March 2001
Betsy told me about an article Frank Settle is writing on the Avtex rayon plant in Front Royal, and I did some searches via SciFinder Scholar to get an idea of what's buried in Chemical Abstracts that's relevant to questions of the hidden environmental costs of rayon production. The following are just a few examples, not a systematic search of the literature... but enough to point the way to rayon as a case for the Global Stewardship Program. The overall point here is we [may] have successfully exported the problem of environmental costs of viscose rayon production --to Indonesia, India, etc.-- and that such distributed costs are not generally calculated... (much more to be said on that subject...)

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Viscose and environmental

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Electron treatment of wood pulp for the viscose process.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 2000:297896
FIELD Abstract:
Electron processing is currently being evaluated by several viscose producers for integration into their process. The viscose industry converts dissolving cellulose pulp into products such as staple fibers, filaments, cords, films, packaging materials, and non-edible sausage casings. These materials are used in the clothing, drapery, hygiene, automobile, food, and packaging industries. Viscose producers are facing increasingly high prodn. costs and stringent environmental regulations that have forced some plants to close. Electron treatment of cellulose pulp can significantly decrease the amts. of chems. used for producing viscose and the prodn. of hazardous pollutants. Acsion Industries has worked with companies worldwide to demonstrate the benefits of using electron-treated pulp for producing viscose (rayon). The viscose process, the benefits of using electron treatment in the viscose process, and Acsion's efforts in developing this technol. are described.
FIELD Author:Stepanik, T. M.; Ewing, D. E.; Whitehouse, R.
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 132:295278
FIELD Section Code:43-6
FIELD Section Title:Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:40, 40
FIELD Corporate Source:Acsion Industries Incorporated,Pinawa,MB,Can.
FIELD Document Type:Journal
FIELD CODEN:RPCHDM
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0969-806X
FIELD Journal Title:Radiat. Phys. Chem.
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:57
FIELD Issue:3-6
FIELD Page:377-379
FIELD Publication Year:2000
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Cellulose pulp (dissolving; electron beam treatment of cellulose dissolving pulp for viscose prodn.); Electron beams; Viscose (electron beam treatment of cellulose dissolving pulp for viscose prodn.)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:
FIELD Supplementary Terms:electron beam treatment cellulose dissolving pulp viscose manuf
FIELD Citations:
Chincholkar, V; Proceedings, Cellulose Manmade Fibres Summit 1997
Fengel, D; Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions 1989, 66
Fischer, K; Proceedings of the viscose chemistry seminar 1997
Hidasi, G; International Patent Application, number PCT/GB97/00646 1997
Laine, J; Lenzinger Ber 1987, 62, 54
Soderlund, C; Svensk Papperstidning-Nordisk Cellulosa 1996, 99, 27
Stavtsov, A; Proceedings of the viscose chemistry seminar 1997
Stepanik, T; Rad Phys Chem 1998, 52, 505
Stepanik, T; IAEA advisory group meeting on New Developments in Radiation Technology Applications in press 1998
Stepanik, T; IAEA advisory group meeting on New Developments in Radiation Technology Applications in press 1998
Treiber, E; Cellulose Chemistry and its Applications 1985, 455
Zlousic, R; Proceedings at Pulp Electron Treatment and Supply (PETAS) Conference 1997

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Electron-processing technology: a promising application for the viscose industry.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1998:440367
FIELD Abstract:
In marketing its IMPELA line of high-power, high-throughput industrial accelerators, At. Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) is working with viscose (rayon) companies world-wide to integrate electron-processing technol. as part of the viscose manufg. process. The viscose industry converts cellulose wood pulp into products such as staple fiber, filament, cord, film, packaging, and nonedible sausage casings. This multibillion dollar industry is currently suffering from high prodn. costs, and is facing increasingly stringent environmental regulations. The use of electron-treated pulp can significantly lower prodn. costs and can provide equally significant environmental benefits. The current understanding of the benefits of using electron-treated pulp in this process, and AECL's efforts in developing this technol. is described.
FIELD Author:Stepanik, T. M.; Rajagopal, S.; Ewing, D.; Whitehouse, R.
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 129:123717
FIELD Section Code:40-2
FIELD Section Title:Textiles and Fibers
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:
FIELD Corporate Source:Whiteshell Laboratories, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited,Pinawa,MB,Can.
FIELD Document Type:Journal
FIELD CODEN:RPCHDM
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0969-806X
FIELD Journal Title:Radiat. Phys. Chem.
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:52
FIELD Issue:1-6
FIELD Page:505-509
FIELD Publication Year:1998
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Cellulose pulp (electron-processing technol. and its application for viscose industry); Rayon Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PREP (Preparation), PROC (Process), PREP (Preparation), PROC (Process) (electron-processing technol. and its application for viscose industry)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:183748-02-9 (Electron) Role: NUU (Nonbiological use, unclassified), PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), USES (Uses), PROC (Process) (electron-processing technol. and its application for viscose industry)
FIELD Supplementary Terms:electron processing rayon manuf

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Cellulosic fiber industry - economic and ecological aspects of further developments.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1995:594953
FIELD Abstract:
A review with no refs. on the future possibilities of rayon technol. is presented. To ensure that the manufg. of cellulosic fibers conforms with market requirements in the future, 2 different processes are currently available, i.e., the prevailing viscose technol. and lyocell technol., which is currently at the development stage. The lyocell fiber offers new phys. properties. It still requires intensive development work, both in fiber prodn. and with respect to textile applications. The viscose fiber has recognized properties, but to withstand inter-fiber competition in the long term, here too further development work on the processes, product applications, and an efficient rationalization policy will have to be carried out. The main driving forces in traditional viscose technol. in the near future will be: (1) environmental protection, (2)operating costs, and (3) quality.
FIELD Author:Wolschner, B.; Weber, H.; von Linde, F.; Peritsch, M.
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 123:172351
FIELD Section Code:40-0
FIELD Section Title:Textiles and Fibers
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:
FIELD Corporate Source:Lenzing Technik,Lenzing,Austria.
FIELD Document Type:Journal; General Review
FIELD CODEN:CFINF7
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:
FIELD Journal Title:Chem. Fibers Int.
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:45
FIELD Issue:1
FIELD Page:41-3
FIELD Publication Year:1995
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Rayon Role: MSC (Miscellaneous) (lyocell vs. viscose technol. in rayon industry of the future)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:
FIELD Supplementary Terms:review lyocell viscose rayon industry

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Rayon and environmental

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Colorfastness of environmentally improved fabrics.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1999:654584
FIELD Abstract:
Color changes on four com. available fabrics finished according to the Encouraging Environmental Excellence program were studied. The environmentally improved fabrics used included: white plain weave composed of 100% Fortrel Ecospun (polyester from post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) plastic soda bottles); 100% Tencel navy twill; 100% low-impact dyed light blue cotton plain weave; and cream-colored plain weave of 100% organically grown cotton. Exposure to light produced a greater amt. of change in color than laundering. The low-impact dyed cotton showed the greatest change in color after exposure to light, followed by the organically grown cotton. A no detergent laundering procedure produced the best color retention for both the low-impact dyed cotton and the organically grown cotton, the std. AATCC detergent for the Fortrel Ecospun, and the Ecover detergent for the navy Tencel fabric.
FIELD Author:Moore, Mary Ann.
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 132:181944
FIELD Section Code:40-4
FIELD Section Title:Textiles and Fibers
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:
FIELD Corporate Source:Florida State University,Tallahassee,Israel.
FIELD Document Type:Journal
FIELD CODEN:ADREAI
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0002-8266
FIELD Journal Title:Am. Dyest. Rep.
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:88
FIELD Issue:7/8
FIELD Page:38-41
FIELD Publication Year:1999
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Polyester fibers Role: PRP (Properties) (Fortrel Ecospun; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Color (changes of; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Textiles (cotton; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Detergents; Laundering (effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Light (fastness to; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Dyeing (low-impact; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Recycling of plastics and rubbers (poly(ethylene terephthalate) soda bottles, Fortrel Ecospun fabrics from; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Rayon Role: PRP (Properties) (reconstituted, Tencel; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program); Polyesters Role: PRP (Properties) (waste soda bottles, Fortrel Ecospun fabrics from; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:25038-59-9 (Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Role: PRP (Properties) (waste soda bottles, Fortrel Ecospun fabrics from; effect of light exposure and laundering detergents on colorfastness of textiles finished according to Encouraging Environmental Excellence program)
FIELD Supplementary Terms:colorfastness environmental finishing textile; cotton textile environmental finishing colorfastness; polyester textile environmental finishing colorfastness; rayon textile environmental finishing colorfastness; laundering colorfastness environmental finishing textile; detergent colorfastness environmental finishing textile
FIELD Citations:
1) American Textile Manufacturers Institute; Encouraging Environmental Excellence Guidebook, second ed
2) McCurry, J; Encouraging environmental excellence 1993, 56
3) Penn, M; E Magazine 1993, 48
4) Rudie, R; How green is the future? 1994, 16
5) Schneider, P; The Cotton Brief 1993, 1

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles-a simple life cycle analytical model.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1997:774507
FIELD Abstract:
Earlier work is extended which explored the life cycle anal. of flame-retardant cotton and polyester textiles and consequently enabled semi-quant. estns. of their relative environmental impacts to be made. This model is extended to undertake full environmental audits of a range of flame-retardant textiles and requires full consideration of each stage from fiber/raw material prodn. to eventual disposal. The need for comprehensive data at all stages, however, demonstrates that comparisons between competing products are neither simple nor, at present, possible. Thus an environmental rank value is given to each stage in the manufg. process and product life of each flame retardant fiber and derived textile. Summation of rank values enables an overall environmental index to be defined which may be used to compare the environmental impact of each generic type of currently available flame retardant, single fiber-contg. textile. The results show that each of the eleven generic fibers analyzed yield environmental index values within a range 32-51% where 100% denotes the worst environmental position possible. This relatively low range of values suggests that current prodn. and processes which attempt to maximize economic viability also tend to reduce environmental impact.
FIELD Author:Horrocks, A. Richard; Hall, Michael E.; Roberts, Dawn.
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 128:35920
FIELD Section Code:40-7
FIELD Section Title:Textiles and Fibers
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:
FIELD Corporate Source:Bolton Institute,Faculty of Technology,Bolton,UK.
FIELD Document Type:Journal
FIELD CODEN:FMATDV
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0308-0501
FIELD Journal Title:Fire Mater.
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:21
FIELD Issue:5
FIELD Page:229-234
FIELD Publication Year:1997
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Aramid fibers; Polypropene fibers; Vinyon fibers Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles); Polybenzimidazoles Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (fiber, fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles); Polyimides Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (polyamide-, fiber, fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles); Synthetic polymeric fibers Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (polyamide-polyimides, fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles); Synthetic polymeric fibers Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (polybenzimidazoles, fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles); Polyamide fibers Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (polyimide-, fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles); Acrylic fabrics; Cotton fabrics; Environmental pollution; Fireproofing; Fireproofing agents; Physicochemical simulation; Polyester fabrics; Rayon fabrics; Wool fabrics (simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles); Synthetic polymeric fibers Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (vinylidene chloride, fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:9002-85-1 (Poly(vinylidene chloride); 9002-86-2 (PVC); 24938-60-1; 24938-64-5 (Poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide); 25035-33-0; 25035-37-4 (Poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide); 25085-53-4 (Isotactic polypropylene) Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or engineered material use), PROC (Process), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), USES (Uses) (fibers, fabrics; simple life cycle anal. model for environmental consequences of using flame-retardant textiles)
FIELD Supplementary Terms:life cycle analysis flameproof fabric environment; model flame retardant textile environment impact

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Process for the manufacture of viscose products.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1997:550433
FIELD Abstract:
A process having reduced impact on the environment includes on-site manuf. of CS2 needed for conversion of cellulose to cellulose xanthate. CS2 is produced from CH4 and S (thermal process) or from coal and S (electrothermal process) and the byproducts are catalytically converted to H2SO4 and used in the viscose manuf.
FIELD Author:
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 127:192061
FIELD Section Code:43-3
FIELD Section Title:Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:38, 40, 38, 40
FIELD Corporate Source:
FIELD Document Type:Patent
FIELD CODEN:EPXXDW
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:
FIELD Journal Title:Eur. Pat. Appl.
FIELD Language:written in German.
FIELD Volume:
FIELD Issue:
FIELD Page:9 pp.
FIELD Publication Year:1997
FIELD Publication Date:19970806
FIELD Index Terms:Oxidation (catalytic; process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide with catalytic oxidn. of byproducts); Coal Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PROC (Process), PROC (Process) (process for prodn. of viscose products involving manuf. of carbon disulfide from sulfur and); Cellophane (process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide); Rayon Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:7704-34-9 (Sulfur) Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), RCT (Reactant), PROC (Process), PROC (Process) (process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide from methane and); 74-82-8 (Methane) Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), RCT (Reactant), PROC (Process), PROC (Process) (process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide from sulfur and); 75-15-0 (Carbon disulfide) Role: PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), RCT (Reactant), PROC (Process), PROC (Process) (process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide with catalytic oxidn. of byproducts); 7446-11-9P (Sulfur trioxide) Role: BYP (Byproduct), RCT (Reactant), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide with catalytic oxidn. of byproducts to); 7664-93-9P (Sulfuric acid) Role: BYP (Byproduct), PNU (Preparation, unclassified), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (process for prodn. of viscose products involving on-site manuf. of carbon disulfide with catalytic oxidn. of byproducts to sulfur trioxide and conversion to)
FIELD Supplementary Terms:cellulose xanthate manuf carbon disulfide generation; viscose process plant carbon disulfide prodn; carbon disulfide prodn byproduct oxidn; sulfur trioxide generation viscose process plant; sulfuric acid generation viscose process plant
FIELD PCT Designated States:
FIELD PCT Reg. Des. States:
FIELD Reg.Pat.Tr.Des.States:Designated States R: AT, DE, DK.
FIELD Main IPC:D01F013-02.
FIELD IPC:
FIELD Secondary IPC:C01B031-26; C01B017-74.
FIELD Additional IPC:
FIELD Index IPC:
FIELD Inventor Name:Duveen, Rene F.
FIELD National Patent Classification:
FIELD Patent Application Country:Application: EP
FIELD Patent Application Date:19960206.
FIELD Patent Application Number:96-810077
FIELD Patent Assignee:(Ing. A. Maurer Sa, Switz.).
FIELD Patent Country:EP
FIELD Patent Kind Code:A1
FIELD Patent Number:787840

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Technology and its development in the viscose industry.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1997:377504
FIELD Abstract:
A review without refs. on improvements in the viscose process to reduce raw material and utilities, and to minimize the impact on the environment is given, including double steeping, continuous dissolving system, maurer contidisk filter, and KVT-sulfox process.
FIELD Author:Duveen, R. F.
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 127:96446
FIELD Section Code:40-0
FIELD Section Title:Textiles and Fibers
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:
FIELD Corporate Source:Ing. A. Maurer S.A.,Switz.
FIELD Document Type:Journal; General Review
FIELD CODEN:LEBEAW
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0024-0907
FIELD Journal Title:Lenzinger Ber.
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:76
FIELD Issue:
FIELD Page:33-36
FIELD Publication Year:1997
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Viscose (technol. development in viscose industry); Rayon Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (technol. development in viscose industry)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:
FIELD Supplementary Terms:review viscose technol redn raw material
FIELD PCT Designated States:

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Rayon and remediation

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Groundwater remediation at contiguous facilities.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1994:662931
FIELD Abstract:
The manufg. operations at several plant sites, located on contiguous property along the Mobile River, have impacted the direction of flow and quality of the groundwater in the area. The Stauffer facility produces org. and inorg. compds., and agricultural products, while the Courtaulds Fibers facility produces rayon fiber, and the DuPont facility manufs. agricultural products. The Courtaulds Fibers facility's daily withdrawal of .apprx.3.4 .times. 104 cmd of groundwater from fluvial deposits impacts the direction of groundwater flow at the surrounding facilities and has reversed the direction of groundwater flow away from the Mobile River. The presence of groundwater contamination at the Stauffer and DuPont facilities has required these facilities to design and instill ground-water extn. systems to remediate the contamination at the facility. To accomplish this, different remediation scenarios were developed using groundwater flow and solute transport models to det. the impact on the regional groundwater flow.
FIELD Author:Anderson, Patricia Ann.
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 121:262931
FIELD Section Code:61-2
FIELD Section Title:Water
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:
FIELD Corporate Source:Region IV,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Atlanta,GA,USA.
FIELD Document Type:Conference
FIELD CODEN:60LRAE
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:
FIELD Journal Title:Environ. Impact Ind. Act., Proc. Ind. Agric. Impacts Hydrol. Environ., USA/CIS Jt. Conf. Environ. Hydrol. Hydrogeol., 2nd
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:
FIELD Issue:
FIELD Page:135-46
FIELD Publication Year:1993
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Water pollution (groundwater industrial pollution and remediation, of Mobile River, Alabama); Water purification (remediation; groundwater industrial pollution and remediation, of Mobile River, Alabama)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:
FIELD Supplementary Terms:groundwater remediation industrial site Alabama; industrial pollution Mobile River Alabama

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3): Avtex Fibers Site, Front Royal, VA. (Second Remedial Action), September 1990.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1992:262054
FIELD Abstract:
The 440-acre Avtex Fibers site is a former synthetic fibers manufg. facility in Front Royal, Warren County, Virginia. A section of the site lies within the 100-yr Shenandoah River floodplain. The plant produced rayon (1940-1989), polyester (1970-1977), and polypropylene fibers (1985-1989). Until 1983, the byproducts, including Na cellulose xanthate-based viscose waste and Zn(OH)2 sludge, were disposed of onsite in unlined surface impoundments of landfills. Subsequently, the waste was routed to an onsite wastewater treatment facility. Fly ash (from incinerator exhaust air pollution control devices) and boiler house solids were disposed of the 4 other surface impoundments. In 1982, a State investigation identified CS2, a constituent of viscose waste, in residential wells located across the river from the plant. In 1983 and 1984, in response to the result of the investigation, Avtex implemented intermim measures to address the groundwater contamination by purchasing 23 subdivision properties in the area with contaminated groundwater. The Record of Decision addresses the removal of PCB-contaminated soil, breakdown of the acid reclamation facility, and the disposal of drummed wastes thought to contain oils, bases, acids, solvents, and PCBs.
FIELD Author:
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 116:262054
FIELD Section Code:61-2
FIELD Section Title:Water
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:40, 59, 60, 40, 59, 60
FIELD Corporate Source:Off. Emerg. Rem. Response,Washington,DC,USA.
FIELD Document Type:Report
FIELD CODEN:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:
FIELD Journal Title:Report
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:
FIELD Issue:EPA/ROD/R03-90/093; Order No. PB91-921432
FIELD Page:57 pp.
FIELD Publication Year:1990
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Water pollution (by carbon disulfide, of groundwater, from synthetic fiber manufg., at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia); Polyester fibers; Polypropene fibers; Rayon Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (manuf. of, soil and groundwater pollution from, at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia); Petroleum products (soil and groundwater pollution by, from synthetic fiber manufg., at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia); Hydrocarbon oils Role: POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence), PREP (Preparation), OCCU (Occurrence) (soil and groundwater pollution by, from synthetic fiber manufg., at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia); Ashes (incinerator fly, disposal of, soil and groundwater pollution from, at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:92-52-4DP (Biphenyl) Role: POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence), PREP (Preparation), OCCU (Occurrence) (groundwater pollution by, from synthetic fiber manufg., at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia); 9004-34-6P Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (rayon, manuf. of, soil and groundwater pollution from, at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia); 75-15-0P (Carbon disulfide); 20427-58-1P (Zinc hydroxide) Role: POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence), PREP (Preparation), OCCU (Occurrence) (soil and groundwater pollution by, from synthetic fiber manufg., at Avtex Fibers Superfund site, Fort Royal, Virginia)
FIELD Supplementary Terms:synthetic fiber manuf Superfund site Virginia; landfill Superfund site Front Royal Virginia; industrial landfill groundwater pollution Superfund Virginia

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FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 ACS
FIELD Database:CAPLUS
FIELD Title:Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3): Avtex Fibers NPL site - Operable Unit One, Front Royal, Virginia (first remedial action) September 1988.
FIELD Accession Number:AN 1990:464874
FIELD Abstract:
The 440-acre Avtex Fibers site is located in Front Royal, Warren County, Virginia. The Avtex Fibers site has produced rayon fibers since 1940, polyester between 1970 and 1977, and polypropylene since 1985. During this 48-yr period, byproducts from the rayon manufg. process were disposed of in onsite surface impoundments. These byproducts included Na Zn(OH)2 sludge. Fly ash (from incinerator and exhaust air pollution control devices) and boiler house solids were disposed of in 5 other surface impoundments. Land disposal of viscose waste ceased in 1983; since that time, the waste has been routed directly to an onsite wastewater treatment plant. In 1982, CS2, a constituent of viscose waste, was identified in groundwater samples from residential wells located across the Shenandoah River from the site. In response to the results of a groundwater investigation, Avtex implemented interim measures, which included purchasing 23 subdivision properties on the west side of the river that had contaminated domestic wells, and initiating a groundwater pump and treatment program. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the groundwater are phenols, and metals including As and Pb. The selected remedial action for this site is given.
FIELD Author:
FIELD Chemical Abstracts Number(CAN):CAN 113:64874
FIELD Section Code:61-2
FIELD Section Title:Water
FIELD CA Section Cross-references:38, 59, 60, 38, 59, 60
FIELD Corporate Source:Off. Emerg. Rem. Response,Washington,DC,USA.
FIELD Document Type:Report
FIELD CODEN:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:
FIELD Journal Title:Report
FIELD Language:written in English.
FIELD Volume:
FIELD Issue:EPA/ROD/R03-88/055; Order No. PB89-206197
FIELD Page:80 pp.
FIELD Publication Year:1988
FIELD Publication Date:
FIELD Index Terms:Water pollution (by carbon disulfide, from rayon manufg. waste sites, Superfund remedial action for, Virginia); Polyester fibers; Polypropene fibers Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (manuf. of, waste from, groundwater pollution by, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia); Rayon Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (manuf. of, wastes from, carbon disulfide from, groundwater pollution by, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia); Ashes (fly, disposal of, sites for, groundwater pollution at, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia); Metals Role: POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence), OCCU (Occurrence) (heavy, groundwater pollution by, at rayon manufg. waste sites, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia)
FIELD Index Terms(2):
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:108-95-2D (Phenol); 7439-92-1 (Lead); 7440-38-2 (Arsenic) Role: POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence), OCCU (Occurrence) (groundwater pollution by, at rayon manufg. waste sites, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia); 75-15-0 (Carbon disulfide) Role: POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence), OCCU (Occurrence) (groundwater pollution by, from rayon manufg. waste sites, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia); 9004-34-6P Role: IMF (Industrial manufacture), PREP (Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (rayon, manuf. of, wastes from, carbon disulfide from, groundwater pollution by, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia); 9051-13-2 (Sodium cellulose xanthate) Role: OCCU (Occurrence) (wastes contg., from rayon fiber manufg. plants, water pollution by, Superfund remedial action for, in Virginia)
FIELD Supplementary Terms:rayon fiber manuf groundwater pollution; polyester fiber manuf groundwater pollution; polypropylene fiber manuf groundwater pollution; groundwater pollution carbon disulfide Superfund

========
Rayon from MEDLINE (an unsystematic selection from a great many)

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Cross sectional observation of the effects of carbon disulphide on arteriosclerosis in rayon manufacturing workers
FIELD Author:Omae K; Takebayashi T; Nomiyama T; Ishizuka C; Nakashima H; Uemura T; Tanaka S; Yamauchi T; O'Uchi T; Horichi Y; Sakurai H
FIELD Corporate Source:Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
FIELD Publication Date:1998 Jul
FIELD Volume:55
FIELD Issue:7
FIELD Page:468-72.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:BWC
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:1351-0711
FIELD Publication Country:ENGLAND: United Kingdom
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:1999033168
FIELD Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: A prospective cohort study was designed to clarify the relations between occupational exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) and its effects on arteriosclerosis in workers in 11 Japanese rayon manufacturing factories. This report is a cross sectional baseline observation in the first study year. METHODS: Study subjects were 432 male rayon workers (mean (range) age 35.5 (19.1-47.8); duration of exposure 13.4 (0.3-29.0)) and 402 male referent workers (age 35.8 (18.9-49.8)). Exposure to CS2 was assessed by determining the concentration of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in urine. Mean (SD) TTCA was 3.42 (2.73) mg/g creatinine (Cr) (n = 422). About a quarter of the urine samples were > 5 mg/g Cr, a biological exposure index recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Health effects on arteriosclerosis were evaluated by measuring blood pressure, serum lipids, pulse wave velocity of the aorta, stiffness and blood flow of the carotid artery, and blood coagulation and fibrinolysis indices, and by use of brain magnetic resonance imaging, electrocardiogram (at rest and after exercise), ophthalmograph, and Rose's questionnaire. Information on potential confounding factors was collected by self administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Prevalence of microaneurysm of the retinal artery was significantly higher in workers exposed to CS2 (8.1%) than in referent workers (3.4%), and increased with age. Other examinations did not show any differences between the two groups even after allowance for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Significant effects of CS2 on arteriosclerosis were not found in current rayon manufacturing workers, with the exception of induction of microaneurysm of the retinal artery.
FIELD Check Tags:Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Adult; Aneurysm: CI, chemically induced; Aneurysm: PA, pathology; Aorta: PA, pathology; Aorta: PP, physiopathology; *Arteriosclerosis: CI, chemically induced; Arteriosclerosis: PA, pathology; Arteriosclerosis: PP, physiopathology; Brain: PA, pathology; *Carbon Disulfide: AE, adverse effects; Carotid Arteries: PP, physiopathology; *Chemical Industry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electrocardiography; *Irritants: AE, adverse effects; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Age; *Occupational Diseases: CI, chemically induced; Occupational Diseases: PA, pathology; Occupational Diseases: PP, physiopathology; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Retinal Artery; Retinal Diseases: CI, chemically induced; Retinal Diseases: PA, pathology
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide)
FIELD Chemical Name:0 (Irritants)
FIELD Other Source:

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Follow-up biological and genotoxicological monitoring of acrylonitrile- and dimethylformamide-exposed viscose rayon plant workers
FIELD Author:Major J; Hudak A; Kiss G; Jakab M G; Szaniszlo J; Naray M; Nagy I; Tompa A
FIELD Corporate Source:National Institute of Occupational Health, Budapest, Hungary
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
FIELD Publication Date:1998
FIELD Volume:31
FIELD Issue:4
FIELD Page:301-10.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:EMM
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0893-6692
FIELD Publication Country:United States
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:1998316810
FIELD Abstract:
In order to investigate the genotoxic effects of occupational acrylonitrile (ACN) and dimethylformamide (DMF) exposures, clinical serum and urine parameters and genotoxicological endpoints such as chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), high frequency SCE (HFC), cell cycle kinetics, and UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) were followed up three times during a 20-month period in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 26 workers (13 maintainers and 13 fiber producers) occupationally exposed to ANC and/or DMF in a viscose rayon plant, 26 matched control subjects, and six industrial controls (all males). Six of the 26 exposed subjects were hospitalized because of liver dysfunction that had developed due to inhalative DMF exposure. The rate of smoking was estimated on the basis of serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels. Average peak air ACN and DMF concentrations were over the maximum concentration limits at the time of both investigations. Urine ACN and monomethyl-formamide (MMF) excretions of the exposed subjects were almost doubled after work shifts. An increase in lymphocyte count (in months 0 and 7), and severe alterations in the liver function were observed in the exposed subjects. In PBLs the proliferative rate index (PRI) was already increased in month 0 compared with the controls. In each study, significant increases in CA and SCE frequencies, as well as increases in UDS were found in PBLs of the exposed subjects. The frequencies of chromatid breaks and acentric fragments further increased in month 7 and remained constantly elevated in month 20. Increased yields of both chromatid and chromosome-type exchange aberrations first appeared in month 20, when HFCs were 2.72 times more frequent in fiber producers than in maintainers. The role of some important biological confounding factors (age, white blood cell count, and hematocrit) and lifestyle confounding factors (smoking and drinking habits) were subjected to an analysis of variance during the second study. Increased CA, SCE, and UDS were found both in control and exposed smokers when current smoking was established on the basis of the serum SCN levels. The cytogenetic data suggest that occupational exposures to ACN and DMF induce considerable genotoxic consequences and may increase the cancer risk in the exposed human populations.
FIELD Check Tags:Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings:*Acrylonitrile: TO, toxicity; Case-Control Studies; Cell Cycle; *Chromosome Aberrations; *Dimethylformamide: TO, toxicity; *Mutagens; *Occupational Exposure; Risk Assessment; Sister Chromatid Exchange; Smoking; *Textiles
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:107-13-1 (Acrylonitrile); 68-12-2 (Dimethylformamide)
FIELD Chemical Name:0 (Mutagens)
FIELD Other Source:

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Biological monitoring of workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) in a viscose rayon fibers factory
FIELD Author:Ghittori S; Maestri L; Contardi I; Zadra P; Marraccini P; Imbriani M
FIELD Corporate Source:Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S. Pavia, Italy.
FIELD Email Address:siclav@ipv36.unipv.it
FIELD Journal Title:AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
FIELD Publication Date:1998 May
FIELD Volume:33
FIELD Issue:5
FIELD Page:478-84.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:3IN
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0271-3586
FIELD Publication Country:United States
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:1998217919
FIELD Abstract:
The exposure-excretion relationship to carbon disulfide (CS2) vapor in 407 exposed workers was studied during the second half of the working week. Carbon disulfide concentrations were also determined in 50 nonexposed subjects. The geometric mean value for CS2 in urine samples from the latter was: 0.23 microgram/l (95% upper limit = 0.52 microgram/l) when log-normal distribution was assumed. Among the exposed workers, the CS2 level in urine samples collected after the first half shift exceeded the 95% upper limit of nonexposed subjects in every case. The time-weighted average intensity of exposure to CS2 vapor was measured using personal diffusive samplers (in which carbon cloth served as an adsorbent). CS2 concentrations in urine were determined in samples collected at the end of the first half shift from the 407 exposed cases as well as from 50 nonexposed controls. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.0001) between the exposure to CS2 vapor at concentrations of up to 64 mg/m3 and the levels of CS2 measured in the urine samples after four hours of exposure. The correlation indicated that a mean level of 15.5 micrograms CS2/l urine (95% confidence range, 13.8-17.1 micrograms/l) was excreted following an exposure to CS2 at 31 mg/m3 (the current occupational exposure limit).
FIELD Check Tags:Human; Male
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Adult; *Carbon Disulfide; *Environmental Monitoring; Middle Age; *Occupational Exposure; *Textiles; Thiazoles: UR, urine
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:20933-67-9 (2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid); 75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide)
FIELD Chemical Name:0 (Thiazoles)
FIELD Other Source:

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Effects of exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) on electrocardiographic features of ischemic heart disease among viscose rayon factory workers
FIELD Author:Kuo H W; Lai J S; Lin M; Su E S
FIELD Corporate Source:Institute of Environmental Health, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
FIELD Publication Date:1997
FIELD Volume:70
FIELD Issue:1
FIELD Page:61-6.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:GPN
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0340-0131
FIELD Publication Country:GERMANY: Germany, Federal Republic of
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:97403340
FIELD Abstract:
The objective of the study was to evaluate viscose plant workers for electrocardiographic manifestations resulting from exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2). A total of 162 workers (118 in an exposure group and 44 in a reference group) were evaluated using a health questionnaire, physical check-up, biochemical analysis of blood samples and electrocardiograms (ECG). The exposure group consisted of workers in the following areas: viscose manufacturing, cellophane processing, ripening, and filament spinning. Reference group workers were from the administrative office, rolling area, pulp processing, and testing office. Only slight differences were found in the biochemical analyses of the two groups, with the exception of sodium (Na) levels. Personal and area sampling results were found to have a high variation due to different locations within the plant and a wide range of manufacturing processes. Highest CS2 concentrations were found in the ripening area (54.60 ppm) and the filament spinning area (19.60 ppm). Using a multiple logistic regression model to control variables (age, gender, body mass index, duration of employment, cholesterol, smoking, and alcohol), we found a relative risk for ECG abnormalities 4.18 times significantly higher for the exposure group. The authors feel that the installation of an adequate ventilation system could greatly reduce the risk of workers developing CS2-induced cardiovascular abnormalities.
FIELD Check Tags:Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Adult; Aged; *Carbon Disulfide: AE, adverse effects; Chemical Industry; Electrocardiography: DE, drug effects; *Heart: DE, drug effects; Heart: PH, physiology; Middle Age; Myocardial Ischemia: DI, diagnosis; *Occupational Exposure: AE, adverse effects; Taiwan
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide)
FIELD Chemical Name:
FIELD Other Source:

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Polyneuropathy induced by carbon disulphide in viscose rayon workers
FIELD Author:Chu C C; Huang C C; Chen R S; Shih T S
FIELD Corporate Source:Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
FIELD Publication Date:1995 Jun
FIELD Volume:52
FIELD Issue:6
FIELD Page:404-7.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:BWC
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:1351-0711
FIELD Publication Country:ENGLAND: United Kingdom
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:95353439
FIELD Abstract:
OBJECTIVES--To understand the prevalence of polyneuropathy and correlations among the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological findings, and degree of exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) in workers who were exposed to variable concentrations of CS2 in a viscose rayon factory. METHODS--All the 163 workers received a detailed physical and neurological evaluation. Fixed point air samples were analysed for CS2. Nerve conduction velocity was studied in 26 workers with symptoms similar to neuropathy. RESULTS--Nine workers (53%) with overt polyneuropathy from the fibre cutting department and 19 workers (13%) with oligosymptoms similar to polyneuropathy from various jobs were noted. The fixed point air concentrations of CS2 were 150-300 ppm in the cutting areas and 15 to 100 ppm in the spinning areas. The estimated eight hour time weighted averages in the fibre cutting areas were 40-67 ppm. The occurrence of polyneuropathy was generally correlated with the degree of exposure to CS2. Nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) were significantly different in the overt polyneuropathy and subclinical polyneuropathy groups from the normal controls. The sensitive indicators for CS2 polyneuropathy were distal latency, motor NCV, and amplitude of sensory nerve action potentials in sensory NCVs. CONCLUSION--The outbreak of polyneuropathy was attributed to higher concentrations of CS2 in fibre cutting areas. Even in other jobs with relatively lower concentrations of CS2, the hazard of subclinical polyneuropathy cannot be overlooked.
FIELD Check Tags:Case Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Adult; Carbon Disulfide: AD, administration & dosage; *Carbon Disulfide: AE, adverse effects; Middle Age; Motor Neurons: DE, drug effects; *Nervous System Diseases: CI, chemically induced; Neural Conduction: DE, drug effects; *Occupational Diseases: CI, chemically induced; Occupational Exposure; Sensation: DE, drug effects; *Textiles
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide)
FIELD Chemical Name:
FIELD Other Source:

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Epidemiological study of mortality in a cohort of rayon industry employees
FIELD Author:Zambon P; Corsi G; Bertin T; Camporese R; Simonato L
FIELD Corporate Source:Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Universit`a degli Studi di Padova.
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:MEDICINA DEL LAVORO
FIELD Publication Date:1994 Sep-Oct
FIELD Volume:85
FIELD Issue:5
FIELD Page:390-6.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:M4U
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0025-7818
FIELD Publication Country:Italy
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:Italian
FIELD Accession Number:95191466
FIELD Abstract:
A cohort of 166 employees in the SNIA viscosa rayon production plant in Padua was followed up for mortality up to 1989. The study detected a statistically significant increase in total mortality mainly due to an excess of deaths from ischaemic heart diseases (ICD 410-414). Workers affected by occupational disease in the age group 50-64 years had the highest risk with a threefold increase in mortality compared to the general population. An increasing pattern of lung cancer mortality with time since first exposure was observed. The SMR for lung cancer was 192 for smokers with occupational disease.
FIELD Check Tags:Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease: MO, mortality; English Abstract; Italy; Lung Diseases: MO, mortality; Lung Neoplasms: MO, mortality; Middle Age; Neoplasms: MO, mortality; *Occupational Diseases: MO, mortality; Risk Factors; Smoking; *Textile Industry
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:
FIELD Chemical Name:
FIELD Other Source:

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Biological monitoring of workers occupationally exposed to carbon disulphide in a rayon plant in Brazil: validity of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in urine samples taken in different times, during and after the real exposure period
FIELD Author:Kitamura S; Ferrari F; Vides G; Moreira Filho D C
FIELD Corporate Source:Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP State University of Campinas, Brazil.
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
FIELD Publication Date:1993
FIELD Volume:65
FIELD Issue:1 Suppl
FIELD Page:S177-9.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:GPN
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0340-0131
FIELD Publication Country:GERMANY: Germany, Federal Republic of
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:94011440
FIELD Abstract:
Fifteen workers from a rayon plant in Brazil were monitored. Air samples were taken during a mean period of 5.8 hours out of an 8 hour workshift, in three different adsorbing tubes. Five urine samples were taken at 4 hour interval from the beginning of the shift, and at the beginning of the next shift in which 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) concentration was analysed. Data from seventeen "individuals" were statistically studied, with the aim of establishing the best and the most practical sampling strategy of biological monitoring for workers occupationally exposed to CS2. For those chronically exposed to CS2, TWA air concentration lower than 30 and higher than 10 mg/m3, it was found that the higher the exposure levels, the lower was TTCA concentration in the end of shift urine samples. The results may be explained by dietary habits and/or by the small number of examined population or even eventual casualty. On the other hand they raise other hypothesis involving the chronicity of exposure which may lead to important changes in metabolism influencing the excretion rate of TTCA.
FIELD Check Tags:Human
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Air Pollutants, Occupational: AN, analysis; Brazil; *Carbon Disulfide: AN, analysis; Carbon Disulfide: ME, metabolism; Cellulose; *Environmental Monitoring; *Occupational Exposure: AN, analysis; *Textile Industry; *Thiazoles: UR, urine; Time Factors
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:20933-67-9 (2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid); 61788-77-0 (rayon); 75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide); 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)
FIELD Chemical Name:0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Thiazoles)
FIELD Other Source:

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:An occupational hygiene survey in a Chinese viscose rayon factory
FIELD Author:Sugimoto K; Karai I; Goto S; Gu X J; Lu P K; Ding Z J; Li M Q; Liang Y X; Seki Y
FIELD Corporate Source:Kinki Kenkokanri Center.
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:KITASATO ARCHIVES OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
FIELD Publication Date:1992 Sep
FIELD Volume:65
FIELD Issue:2-3
FIELD Page:111-6.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:KVS
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0023-1924
FIELD Publication Country:Japan
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:93368101
FIELD Abstract:
The retinopathy (microaneurysm/small dot hemorrhage) is an early and specific biological indicator to quantitatively evaluate the CS2 exposure. The appearance of retinal lesions was observed among Yugoslavian, German and American workers exposed to CS2. However, among Finnish CS2 workers a positive result was not obtained. We suggested a different response to CS2 exposure between two ethnic populations. We had an opportunity to do a cross-sectional medical and occupational hygiene survey in a Chinese rayon staple plant. Cross-sectional medical examinations failed to show any chronic CS2 effects on the Chinese workers.
FIELD Check Tags:Female; Human; Male
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Adult; *Carbon Disulfide: AE, adverse effects; Carbon Disulfide: AN, analysis; *Cellulose; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Occupational Diseases: CI, chemically induced; *Occupational Exposure: AE, adverse effects; Retinal Diseases: CI, chemically induced; *Textiles
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:61788-77-0 (rayon); 75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide); 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)

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FIELD Database:MEDLINE
FIELD Copyright:Copyright 2001 U.S. National Library of Medicine
FIELD Title:Mortality in the US rayon industry
FIELD Author:MacMahon B; Monson R R
FIELD Corporate Source:Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
FIELD Email Address:
FIELD Journal Title:JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE
FIELD Publication Date:1988 Sep
FIELD Volume:30
FIELD Issue:9
FIELD Page:698-705.
FIELD Reference Number:
FIELD Journal Code:JFR
FIELD Call Number:
FIELD Internat.Standard Doc. Number:0096-1736
FIELD Publication Country:United States
FIELD Document Type:Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
FIELD Language:English
FIELD Accession Number:89036459
FIELD Abstract:
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken of the mortality of men exposed to carbon disulfide in the US rayon industry. The cohort consisted of 10,418 men employed between 1957 and 1979. Deaths to mid-1983 were ascertained by the Social Security Administration and the National Death Index. Total mortality in the group was slightly lower than that of the comparable US population. There was no significant difference in overall mortality between the 4,448 employees who had held jobs with the greatest potential for exposure to carbon disulfide and the 3,311 workers who had no exposure. However, there was an excess of deaths from arteriosclerotic heart disease among the potentially most heavily exposed (242 deaths observed, 195.6 expected). An excess of deaths from suicide (29 observed, 18.8 expected) was seen in only one of the four plants.
FIELD Check Tags:Human; Male
FIELD Supplementary Terms:
FIELD Mesh Headings: Adult; *Carbon Disulfide: AE, adverse effects; Cause of Death; *Cellulose; Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease: CI, chemically induced; Coronary Disease: MO, mortality; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases: CI, chemically induced; *Occupational Diseases: MO, mortality; Retrospective Studies; Suicide: EP, epidemiology; *Textiles; Time Factors; United States
FIELD CAS Registry Numbers:61788-77-0 (rayon); 75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide); 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)
FIELD Chemical Name:
FIELD Other Source: