Search examples for Fall 1996: Archaea

Dr. Knox suggested Archaea as a topic to use to demonstrate various searching tools and strategies during the next few weeks. It's appropriate for several reasons: most of us have the experience of being faced with novel terms/concepts/phrases from time to time, and I doubt that many of us use Archaea in daily conversation...; it's also useful as an example of a relatively new term, or at least a term for a new interest in some areas of Biology; and it's complex enough to provide some interesting challenges in sorting out the relevant from the tangential.

So where to begin?

ANNIE makes a good starting place, and here's the result:

 You searched for the KEYWORD: archaea
 Your KEYWORD not found, Nearby KEYWORDS are:

     1   Arce  ..............................................    3 entries
     2   Arcely  ............................................    1 entry
     3   Arceneaux  .........................................    1 entry
     4   Arch  ..............................................   24 entries
       Your entry Archaea would be here
     5   Archaean  ..........................................    4 entries
     6   Archaebacter  ......................................    1 entry
     7   Archaelogica  ......................................    2 entries
     8   Archaelogist  ......................................    1 entry
Hmmm... two close entries ('Archaean' and 'Archaebacter'):
 You searched for the KEYWORD: archaean
 4 entries found, entries 1-4 are:                            LOCATIONS
     1  African magmatism and tectonics; a volume in ho SCIENCE LIB
     2  Archaean geochemistry : proceedings of the Symp SCIENCE LIB
     3  Archaean geochemistry : the origin and evolutio SCIENCE LIB
     4  The young earth : an introduction to Archaean g SCIENCE LIB
Looks like Geology... let's look at the next one, which turns out to tell us quite a bit if we're patient enough to examine the evidence:
You searched for the KEYWORD: archaebacter

 TITLE        Evolution of life : fossils, molecules, and culture / S. Osawa,
                T. Honjo, (eds.)
 PUBLISHER    Tokyo ; New York : Springer-Verlag, c1991.
 CONTENTS     Fossils and evolution / P.D. Gingerich -- Biological extinction
                in terms of overadaptation / T. Hamada -- Revolutions and
                colonizations in the history of life / B. Halstead -- The
                genomic tag model for the origin of protein synthesis : further
                evidence from the molecular fossil record / A.M. Weiner and N.
                Maizels -- Neutral evolution / M. Kimura -- Recent evidence for
                evolution of the genetic code / T.H. Jukes and S. Osawa -- The
               grammatical rule of DNA language : messages in palindromic
                verses / S. Ohno -- Module organization in proteins and exon
                shuffling / M. Go -- Molecular evolution and the immunoglobulin
                gene superfamily / L. Hood and T. Hunkapiller.
              Evolution of the multigene family : a case of dynamically
                evolving genes at major histocompatibility complex / T. Ohta --
                Evolution of a urea cycle enzyme to [delta]-crystallin / M.
                Mori ... [et al.] -- Evolution of repetitive sequences / N.
                Okada ... [et al.] -- Evolution of organellar genomes / K.
                Ohyama ... [et al.] -- Mechanisms of speciation : a review /
                W.B. Provine -- Comparing life histories / P.H. Harvey -- The
                seething genetics of health and the evolution of sex / W.D.
                Hamilton -- On the evolution of reproductive isolation and the
                origin of species / F.J. Ayala -- The evolution of cells / T.
                Cavalier-Smith -- Symbiosis in evolution : origins of cell
                motility / L. Margulis.
 ----->      Archaebacteria vs metabacteria : phylogenetic tree of organisms
                indicated by comparison of 5S ribosomal RNA sequences / H. Hori
                ... [et al.] -- Evolution of archaebacteria : phylogenetic
                relationships among archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes
                / T. Miyata ... [et al.] -- Early biochemical evolution :
                speculations on the biochemistry of primitive life / T. Oshima
                -- Man, culture, and environment / P.V. Tobias -- The origin of
                the genus Homo / A. Walker -- Sequence evolution of
                mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees : control region
                and a protein-coding region / T.D. Kocher and A.C. Wilson --
                Evolutionary relationships of human populations at the
                molecular level / M. Nei and T. Ota -- Human genome and human
                evolution / S. Ueda.
1 > Leyburn Library        QH325 .E964 1991
This is at least clearly Biology, and what we can focus upon is the context of Archae...: "archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes... early biochemical evolution...". And it's not too much of a jump to recognize that "archae..." has something to do with "old".

So... Annie gives us some hints, but our book collection isn't big enough to tell us much more. We could try a larger library, and for choice I generally use Harvard. I telnet to hollis.harvard.edu and here's what I find:

 HU INDEX: LIST OF ITEMS RETRIEVED             3 items retrieved by your search:
FIND KW ARCHAEA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOCHEMISTRY OF ARCHAEA ARCHAEBACTERIA
   1 kates morris/ 1993  bks

FEUDAL INSTITUTIONS AS REVEALED IN THE ASSIZES OF ROMANIA THE LAW CODE OF
FRANKISH GREECE TRANSLATION OF THE TEXT OF THE ASSIZES WITH A COMMENTARY ON
   2 liber consuetudinum imperii romaniae/ 1949  bks

ARACHNOLOGISCHEN GATTUNGS NAMEN ARCHAEA UND ARGYOPE
   3 entour nachrichtsblatt/ strand embrik 1876/ 1928  bks
Number 1 looks promising, number 2 is obviously irrelevant, and number 3 is a red herring (so to speak...)
 HU SHORT DISPLAY  page 1 of 1      Item 1 of 3 retrieved by your search:
FIND KW ARCHAEA
---------------------------------------------------------HU HOLLIS# 
AYD5217 /bks
         TITLE: The Biochemistry of archaea (archaebacteria) / editors, M.
                  Kates, D.J. Kushner, A.T. Matheson.
     PUB. INFO: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1993.
   DESCRIPTION: xlviii, 582 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
        SERIES: New comprehensive biochemistry ; v. 26

      SUBJECTS: *S1 Archaebacteria--Metabolism.
                *S2 Archaebacteria--Molecular aspects.
 MED. SUBJECTS: *M1 Archaeobacteria--metabolism.
                *M2 Archaeobacteria--chemistry.


 HU LONG DISPLAY   page 1 of 1      Item 3 of 3 retrieved by your search:
FIND KW ARCHAEA
---------------------------------------------------------HU HOLLIS# 
BAW1627 /bks
        AUTHOR: Strand, Embrik, 1876-
         TITLE: Die arachnologischen Gattungs-Namen + Archaea und Argyope.
  PUBLISHED IN: Entour. Nachrichtsblatt.
                1928. 2. Heft 3. 46.

       AUTHORS: *A1 Strand, Embrik, 1876-

      LOCATION: Museum Comp Zoology: E.D. Arachn.

Here's the long form of the first one, e-mailed from Harvard:
%YEAR: 1993
%AUTHOR:
%TITLE: The Biochemistry of archaea (archaebacteria).
%EDITION:
%PUB. INFO: Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier, 1993.
%PUBLISHED IN:
%DESCRIPTION: xlviii, 582 p.: ill.; 25 cm.
%SUMMARY: Introduction. The archaea: their history and significance / Carl R.
Woese -- Central metabolism of the archaea / M.J. Danson -- Bioenergetics of
extreme halophiles / V.P. Skulachev -- Biochemistry of methanogenesis / L.
Daniels -- Bioenergetics and transport in methanogens and related thermophilic
archaea / P. Schonheit -- Signal transduction in halobacteria / D. Oesterhelt
and W. Marwan -- Ion transport rhodopsins (bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin):
structure and function / J.K. Lanyi -- Proteins of extreme thermophiles / R.
Hensel -- Cell envelopes of archaea: structure and chemistry / O. Kandler and H.
Konig -- Membrane lipids of archaea / M. Kates -- Membrane-bound enzymes of the
archaea / L.I. Hochstein -- Chromosome structure, DNA topoisomerases, and DNA
polymerases in archaebacteria (archaea) / P. Forterre and C. Elie.  (cont)
Transcription in archaea / W. Zillig  ... [et al.] -- Translation in archaea /
R. Amils, P. Cammarano and P. Londei -- Structure, function and evolution of
archaeal ribosomes / C. Ramirez  ... [et al.] -- Halobacterial genes and genomes
/ L.C. Schalkwyk -- Structure and function of methanogen genes / J.R. Palmer and
J.N. Reeve -- Archaeal hyperthermophile genes / J.Z. Dalgaard and R.A. Garrett.
%SERIES: New comprehensive biochemistry; v. 26
%NUMBERS: ISBN 0444817131 (acid-free paper)
%SUBJECTS: Archaebacteria--Metabolism. \ Archaebacteria--Molecular 
aspects. \Archaeobacteria--metabolism. \ Archaeobacteria--chemistry.
This HOLLIS record tells us a LOT, and offers some other terms to consider searching and integrating into our understanding: Take the last one first:
 HU INDEX: LIST OF ITEMS RETRIEVED             6 items retrieved by your search:
FIND SU ARCHAEBACTERIA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ARCHAEBACTERIA
   1 [retrieves related heading: METHANOBACTERIACEAE]
   2 arkhebakterii sbornik nauchnykh trudov/ 1988  bks

ARCHAEBACTERIA --CONGRESSES
   3 archaebacteria biochemistry and biotechnology /biochemical socie/ 1992  bks
   4 archaebacteria 85 proceedings of the embo workshop o /embo works/ 1986  bks

ARCHAEBACTERIA --METABOLISM
   5 biochemistry of archaea archaebacteria/ 1993  bks

ARCHAEBACTERIA --MOLECULAR ASPECTS
   6 biochemistry of archaea archaebacteria/ 1993  bks
So: not many members of that subject heading category, but a couple of useful hints. Note that two of the sources are Congresses --a sure sign of a new/hot topic, which generates meetings on the subject. We'd therefore expect that most of the writing on the new/hot subject would be in journal literature (and science journalism), and not necessarily in books, which are a relatively 'slow' form.

Here's what I get when I take the hint of

 
ARCHAEBACTERIA
   1 [retrieves related heading: METHANOBACTERIACEAE]


 HU SHORT DISPLAY  page 1 of 1      Item 1 of 1 retrieved by your search:
FIND SU METHANOBACTERIACEAE
---------------------------------------------------------HU HOLLIS# 
AUN3068 /bks
         TITLE: Methanogenesis : ecology, physiology, biochemistry & 
genetics /
                  edited by James G. Ferry.
     PUB. INFO: New York : Chapman & Hall, 1993.
   DESCRIPTION: x, 536 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
        SERIES: Chapman & Hall microbiology series

      SUBJECTS: *S1 Methanobacteriaceae.
                *S2 Methane--Metabolism.
                *S3 Microbial metabolism.
 MED. SUBJECTS: *M1 Methanogens.
                *M2 Methane.

So to summarize: now we know that the Archaea are some sort of kind of bacteria, so we need to take a step back and consider what the more general bacteriological resources are, and where we might find them.

If we search ANNIE for the SUBJECT 'bacteri*' here's what we get:

 You searched for the SUBJECT: bacteri
 96 SUBJECTS found, with 158 entries; SUBJECTS 1-8 are:

     1   Bacteria --> See Related Subjects  .....................    5 entries
     2   Bacteria  ..............................................    7 entries
     3   Bacteria Adhesion Congresses  ..........................    1 entry
     4   Bacteria Anaerobic --> See ANAEROBIC BACTERIA  .........    1 entry
     5   Bacteria Anatomy --> See BACTERIA MORPHOLOGY  ..........    1 entry
     6   Bacteria Blue Green --> See CYANOBACTERIA  .............    1 entry
     7   Bacteria Classification --> See BACTERIOLOGY CLASSIFICA     1 entry
     8   Bacteria Doctor 1852 1934 --> See RAMON Y CAJAL, SANTI      1 entry
     9   Bacteria Ecology  ......................................    1 entry
    10   Bacteria Genetics --> See BACTERIAL GENETICS  ..........    1 entry
    11   Bacteria Growth --> See BACTERIAL GROWTH  ..............    1 entry
    12   Bacteria Host Relationships --> See HOST-BACTERIA RELAT     1 entry
    13   Bacteria Identification  ...............................    2 entries
    14   Bacteria Morphology  ...................................    2 entries
    15   Bacteria Morphology Congresses  ........................    1 entry
    16   Bacteria Nitrifying --> See also NITRIFICATION  ........    1 entry
    17   Bacteria Pathogenic --> See Related Subjects  ..........    2 entries
    18   Bacteria Pathogenic  ...................................    2 entries
    19   Bacteria Pathogenic War Use --> See BIOLOGICAL WARFARE      1 entry
    20   Bacteria Photosynthetic --> See PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA     1 entry
    21   Bacteria Phototrophic --> See PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA  .    1 entry
    22   Bacteria Physiology  ...................................    5 entries
    23   Bacteria Phytopathogenic --> See PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTER     1 entry
    24   Bacteria Respiration --> See MICROBIAL RESPIRATION  ....    1 entry
    25   Bacterial Adhesion --> See BACTERIA ADHESION  ..........    1 entry
    26   Bacterial Cell Walls  ..................................    3 entries
    27   Bacterial Cell Walls Congresses  .......................    1 entry
    28   Bacterial Cultures --> See BACTERIOLOGY CULTURES AND CU     1 entry
    29   Bacterial Diseases --> See Related Subjects  ...........    7 entries
    30   Bacterial Diseases  ....................................    1 entry
    31   Bacterial Diseases Chemotherapy --> See also ANTIBACTER     1 entry
    32   Bacterial Diseases Complications United States  ........    1 entry
and so on. Again, we want to know WHERE these things are in the library, and a quick scan of call numbers suggests that the QR area has a pretty good concentration of them. Here's one of the gems we'll find if we go and look at the shelves:
TITLE        Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology / Noel R. Krieg,
                editor, volume 1 ; John G. Holt, editor-in-chief.
 PUBLISHER    Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, c1984-89.
 NOTE         Based on: Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.
              Vol. 2: Peter H.A. Sneath, editor; Nicholas S. Mair, M. 
              Elisabeth Sharpe, associate editors.

1 > Leyburn Library        QR81 .B46 1984 v. 1            
2 > Leyburn Library        QR81 .B46 1984 v. 2             
3 > Leyburn Library        QR81 .B46 1984 v. 3            
4 > Leyburn Library        QR81 .B46 1984 v. 4

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